Emco2 Analyzer
Energy and fuel consumption data acquisition, emission parameter definition, CO2 calculation and report generation software.This is an business application for collection and analysis of data for carbon dioxide emission (greenhouse gas emission).
About Emco2 Analyzer
The application trough administration functions provides:
_Data collection and emission calculation functions
_Department management,
_Fuel type, unit, conversion factors (to CO2 tones conversion) and
_GWP management,
Indirect fuel related type, unit and conversion factors management,
_Export/import data entry in Excel spreadsheet form and
_Emission calculation management
Reporting functions
_Reporting departments management
_Emission source types (buildings, equipment …) management, emission intensity
_Emission models management (grouping CO2 generated emissions
by departments and fuel types to provide business specific reports)
_Reporting year management (rolling/removing the reporting year).
Fuel consumption data and emission source details are collected by fuel consumers trough data entry screens. Data for a year and a department can be exported as automated data entry spreadsheet, populated and imported back in system.
Various reports can be generated to monitor emission volume and compare source of emissions by departments, fuel types, fuel sources and emission models. This will provide enough information for a corporation management to identify critical emission generators, monitor and evaluate actions for greenhouse gas emission reduction and promoting energy efficiency projects to deliver comprehensive benefits, including attractive financial performance ..
Sunday, April 19, 2009
Saturday, February 21, 2009
Brimrose NIR Analyzer
A new series of miniature near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers is said to offer a cost-effective tool for inspecting incoming raw materials and product quality control. Compact, battery-powered Model 5030 ATOF-NIR Portable Analyzer from Brimrose Corp. of America, Baltimore, allows laboratory tests to be performed anywhere in a plant environment. The instrument, which sells for $28,000 (compared with $40,000 for larger units), is reportedly insensitive to ambient light, vibration, dust, and dirt. Its design allows for quick switchover from solids to liquids, and results appear instantly on its LCD. Applications include material identification or measurement of moisture content and active-ingredient levels. Once the instrument is calibrated, it reportedly can be used by an inexperienced operator.
Gas Analyzer
The Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) is a scientific instrument aboard the Phoenix spacecraft. TEGA's design is based on experience gained from the failed Mars Polar Lander. Soil samples taken from the Martian surface by the robot arm are eventually delivered to the TEGA, where they are heated in an oven to about 1,000ºC. This heat causes the volatile compounds to be given off as gases which are sent to a mass spectrometer for analysis. This spectrometer is adjusted to measure particularly the isotope ratios for hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and heavier gases. Detection values as low as 10 parts per billion. The Phoenix TEGA has 8 ovens, which are enough for 8 samples.
A residual gas analyzer (RGA) is a small and usually rugged mass spectrometer, typically designed for process control and contamination monitoring in the semiconductor industry. Utilizing quadrupole technology, there exists two implementations, utilizing either an open ion source (OIS) or a closed ion source (CIS). RGAs may be found in high vacuum applications such as research chambers, surface science setups, accelerators, scanning microscopes, etc. RGAs are used in most cases to monitor the quality of the vacuum and easily detect minute traces of impurities in the low-pressure gas environment. These impurities can be measured down to 10 − 14 Torr levels, possessing sub-ppm detectability in the absence of background interferences.
RGAs would also be used as sensitive in-situ, helium leak detectors. With vacuum systems pumped down to lower than 10 - 5Torr—checking of the integrity of the vacuum seals and the quality of the vacuum—air leaks, virtual leaks and other contaminants at low levels may be detected before a process is initiated.
A residual gas analyzer (RGA) is a small and usually rugged mass spectrometer, typically designed for process control and contamination monitoring in the semiconductor industry. Utilizing quadrupole technology, there exists two implementations, utilizing either an open ion source (OIS) or a closed ion source (CIS). RGAs may be found in high vacuum applications such as research chambers, surface science setups, accelerators, scanning microscopes, etc. RGAs are used in most cases to monitor the quality of the vacuum and easily detect minute traces of impurities in the low-pressure gas environment. These impurities can be measured down to 10 − 14 Torr levels, possessing sub-ppm detectability in the absence of background interferences.
RGAs would also be used as sensitive in-situ, helium leak detectors. With vacuum systems pumped down to lower than 10 - 5Torr—checking of the integrity of the vacuum seals and the quality of the vacuum—air leaks, virtual leaks and other contaminants at low levels may be detected before a process is initiated.
Wednesday, January 21, 2009
991 CEM - Continuous Emission Monitor
SO2 (sulfur dioxide) Continuous Emission Monitoring
 | Continuous Emission Monitoring (CEM) Systems are mandatory on virtually all industry waste chimneys or stacks today. Depending on the industrial process and regulatory agency requirements, the CEM could be required to report the pollutant of interest on an oxygen (O2) free, dry basis or, on a mass basis (tons per day, pounds per hour). Galvanic Instrumentation Ltd. offers systems that comply with both requirements. Instrumentation System Because the O2 free basis system measures the pollutant on a dry basis, a sample dryer is incorporated in the sample system. The concentration of oxygen is also measured and the measured dry pollutant concentration is corrected to zero oxygen. The mass emission system measures the pollutant concentration on an as-is (hot/wet) basis and incorporates gas stream velocity and temperature measurement devices. The volume flow rate of the effluent is determined along with the mass emission rate of the pollutant of interest. Continuous Emission Monitoring Galvanic’s CEM System features our ultraviolet (UV) fibre optic spectroscopy for the sulfur dioxide (SO2) analysis. Depending on the type of system specified, the analysis is performed on either a dry or hot/wet basis. For either one sample is transported from the sample point to the analyzer through a heated sample line (steam or electrical heating is available). The dry base system uses a chilled, water-condensing unit to remove the water from the stack gas sample. The mass style of CEM system is complete with a velocity measuring device suitable for an accurate measurement of the gas velocity for a given chimney or stack. A variety of different measurement techniques and hardware devices (pitot tube, annubar, Kurz probe, etc.) are available and necessary since no one sensor is applicable for all ranges of velocities, temperatures, etc. Galvanic selects the appropriate device based on the engineering data for your application. The stack gas temperature measurement is achieved with a thermocouple selected and calibrated for your stack gas temperature range. The stack gas volumetric flow rate is calculated by the system computer using the data from the velocity device, the gas temperature and other parameters including the stack diameter, specific gravity, profile factor, etc. The SO2 concentration and volume flow rate are combined and the mass emission rate for the SO2 is calculated and output in terms of either SO2 or sulfur. Outputs provided are the instantaneous values for SO2 concentration, volume flow rate and mass emission rate. |
Tytronic Sentinel Amine Analyzer
 | APPLICATION The Tytronics Sentinel Amine Analyzer is an online process analyzer that is capable of measuring acid gas loading in both rich and lean amines. It can be used to measure H2S content in amines (as sulphide), total acid gas loading (both CO2 and H2S), as well as amine strength. Multiple analyzers may be required depending on the number of analyte measurements, concentration range and distance between sampling points. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION The Sentinel analyzer is a potentiometric titrator which uses an electrode to monitor changes in ion activity in the solution during the addition of a titrant, referred to as titration. An equivalence point or endpoint is reached when the ions in solution have completely reacted or complexed with the ions supplied through the titrant addition (there is no further ion activity). At the equivalence point the concentration and volume of the titrant solution added to the reaction cell determines the equivalent concentration corresponding to the analyte of interest. It is this titration technique that is used to determine three main analytes of interest in the amine samples. These are as follows:
FEATURES AND BENEFITS
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PLGC II Gas Chromatograph
 | For pipline and process applications The PLGC II is a compact and low cost gas chromatograph equipped with a universal thermal conductivity detector. The unit offers a wide range of applications where hydrocarbon gas or fixed gas analysis is required, such as in BTU measurement for the natural gas industry. The PLGC II is a fully automated system designed to perform on-line, real-time analysis. The Windows® based configuration software allows the user to view recent or saved chromatograms as well as configure the analyzer.
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Infra-Red CO2, CH4, and CO Analyzer
 | A Low Drift, High Accuracy Analyzer Galvanic Applied Sciences Inc. now offers CO2, CH4 and CO measurement technology. The sensor is based on true dual wavelength infrared technology with no moving parts. The result is a low drift, high accuracy analyzer, with a fast response time and low power consumption.
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Infrared Analyzer
INFRARED ANALYZER
The above diagram provides a graphic representation of the basic design of an infrared analyzer which is used to measure breath alcohol concentrations. The design is based on the fact that specific wavelengths of infrared energy are absorbed by ethyl alcohol molecules. In its simplest form, the instrument's detector measures the change in the amount of a specific wavelength of infrared energy that passes from the infrared source (lamp), through the sample chamber and filter wheel to the detector. The change in response on the detector, as a breath sample is submitted to the sample chamber , is monitored and analyzed by a processor in the instrument. The change in the signal is used to calculate an alcohol concentration
The difference between the amount of infrared energy that reaches the detector when the sample chamber is free of compounds that absorb the infrared energy and the amount of infrared energy that reaches the detector when a subject's breath sample is within the sample chamber, provides an indication of the concentration of the absorbing substances in the sample . If ethanol was the only molecule found in a breath sample that would absorb energy at the wavelength being recorded by the detector, the calculated difference in infrared energy reaching the detector could be used by itself to establish the concentration of alcohol in the breath sample. Unfortunately this is not always the case.
In order to deal with the lack of specificity, it is important that the primary wavelength of infrared energy used to measure the concentration of alcohol is selected based upon its limited cross sensitivity to other substances that are commonly found in the human breath. The spinning filter wheel in the diagram above is used to modulate the light through several different filters allowing different wavelengths of infrared energy to be transmitted to the detector for analysis. The secondary wavelengths of energy are selected based upon the interfering compounds that could be found in a human breath sample. If these compounds are identified and are in concentrations that would adversely effect the calculated ethanol result, the analysis can be aborted.
One other important point is that the differing concentrations of alcohol or other energy absorbing compounds found in the subject's breath sample are not in a one to one relationship with the amount of energy that reaches the detector. In other words, a .050 alcohol concentration may absorb X units of infrared energy, but a .200 will not absorb 4X units of infrared energy. This inherent non-linearity can be overcome by performing a multi-point calibration. To ensure that the instrument is properly quantifying alcohol and the other substances, it would be prudent to perform multi-point accuracy checks for each substance of interest and ensure proper calibration over the entire range of substances and concentrations.
Finally, infrared systems require power to light the IR source, heat the sample chamber, power the light modulator and drive the detector and associated circuits. Historically, the signal from the detector has been small relative to the noise generated in the system. This has made it difficult to resolve changes in the signal when low level concentrations of alcohol are presented to the system. To solve this problem, several manufacturers have included cooled detectors. These systems require additional power, but the cooled detector decreases the noise on the detector and enhances the instrument's performance at the low alcohol
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